&nbsp; &nbsp;Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death in women worldwide. It occurs as a result of the uncontrolled, random division of breast tissue cells. After its formation in the breast, moves to the axillary lymph nodes, then may spread through metastases to other organs of the body. It occurs in people who have risk factors for the disease, as a result of certain reasons. Follow this article to know the most important causes and risk factors for breast cancer.<h2>Risk factors for breast cancer</h2>Many genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of cancer, some of which can be changed and some cannot. We will review the most important of these factors:<h3>Risk Factors You Cannot Change:</h3><ul><li>Gender.&nbsp;The disease is 100 times more common in women than in men.</li><li>Getting older.&nbsp;Most breast cancers are diagnosed after the age of 50, which means that The risk of breast cancer increases with age.</li><li>Having dense breasts.&nbsp;Women with dense breasts are more likely to develop breast cancer because dense breasts have more connective tissue than fatty tissue, which can sometimes make it difficult to see tumors on a mammogram.</li><li>Previous treatment using radiation therapy.&nbsp;Women who had radiation therapy before age 30 have a higher risk of getting breast cancer later in life.</li><li>Genetic mutations.&nbsp;Women who have inherited changes to certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are at higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer.</li><li>Reproductive history.&nbsp;Exposing women to a longer period of hormones, by starting menopause after age 55 and starting menstruation before age 12, increases the risk of breast cancer.</li></ul><h3>Risk Factors You Can Change:</h3><ul><li>Being Overweight.&nbsp;The risk of developing breast cancer increases with being overweight and lowers with having a healthy weight.</li><li>Giving birth at an older age.&nbsp;Having the first pregnancy after age 30, not breastfeeding, and never having a full-term pregnancy can raise breast cancer risk.</li><li>Drinking alcohol.</li></ul><h2>How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?</h2>There are expert doctors who specialize in diagnosing breast cancer using various diagnostic tests such as:<ul><li>Mammogram.</li><li>Breast ultrasound.</li><li>Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</li><li>Biopsy. (Watch the following video to learn more about biopsy in breast cancer).</li></ul><figure class="media"><oembed url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IStIlQTZpBA"></oembed></figure><h2>Causes of breast cancer:</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Studies have shown that having one or more risk factors in a woman, makes her more likely to get breast cancer, especially as she gets older. However, having a risk factor does not mean that you will definitely get cancer. Most women have several risk factors, but most do not get breast cancer. Also, some women may get it even though there is no risk factor. (Watch the following video for ways to prevent and treat breast cancer).&nbsp;<figure class="media"><oembed url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-_yBGqW6Bs"></oembed></figure>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;After the wide spread of breast cancer in recent decades, it has become very important to consult a specialist doctor about any pathological changes affecting the body. In addition, it is necessary to conduct a periodic examination for early detection of breast cancer and to learn self-examination during the shower. Early detection of breast cancer helps in obtaining the best treatment and achieving a high cure rate. However, taking simple actions, such as improving your daily lifestyle, plays an important role in reducing the risk of breast cancer.<h3>Sources :</h3><a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer">https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer</a><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352470</a><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/treatment.htm">https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/treatment.htm</a>

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, which occurs as a result of the uncontrolled division of breast tissue cells. To further reading, join now!

Breast cancer, causes and risk factors

<h4>Thyroid cancer is a malignant growth that occurs in the cells of the thyroid gland. It has several types that differ according to their prevalence, response to treatment, and the cells they affect. The exact cause has not yet been determined, but some risk factors increase its incidence. Continue reading the article for more details.</h4><h2>What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp;Like any other cancer, symptoms of thyroid cancer are absent at the beginning of the disease, and as the disease progresses, some symptoms appear, the most important of which are:<ul><li>Swelling of the cervical lymph nodes</li><li>Difficulty swallowing</li><li>Palpable nodules in the neck area</li><li>Breathing problems caused by the airways being compressed by the tumor mass</li><li>Changes in voice tone</li><li>Pain in the neck area</li></ul>It is necessary to see a doctor when any of the above symptoms appear, because the earlier the treatment, the greater the chance of recovery.<h2>What are the risk factors for thyroid cancer?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; Although the main cause of thyroid cancer is still unknown, many factors have been identified that increase its incidence. Some of these factors can be changed, while others cannot. In general, having risk factors does not necessarily mean that you will develop thyroid cancer. Here are some of the risk factors:<ul><li>Weight: Overweight and obesity increase the incidence of thyroid cancer</li><li>Gender: The incidence is higher in females</li><li>Family history of thyroid cancer</li><li>Excessive exposure to pesticides</li><li>Genetic and hereditary syndromes, such as Cowden's disease</li><li>Excessive radiation exposure.</li></ul><h2>What are the types of thyroid cancer?</h2>&nbsp; Advances in medical technology have helped to detect different types of thyroid cancer, and despite the variety of these types, thyroid cancer is not very common in general. The types can include:<ul><li>Thyroid lymphoma: It is a rare type of thyroid cancer that occurs more often in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.</li><li>Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A rare and highly aggressive type of thyroid cancer, considered difficult to treat because of its late diagnosis after it has spread to distant places in the body.</li><li>Familial medullary thyroid cancer</li><li>Sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: It mainly occurs in the elderly.</li><li>Hurthle cell carcinoma: It constitutes 5% of thyroid cancers. It affects the thyroid follicles and is considered a highly aggressive cancer that can spread rapidly to distant areas of the body.</li><li>Follicular thyroid cancer: It is the second most common type of differentiated thyroid cancer.</li><li>Papillary cancer: It is a well-differentiated form of thyroid cancer and the most common one. It has a low mortality rate due to its slow growth and is successfully treated.</li></ul><h2>How is thyroid cancer diagnosed?</h2><h4>&nbsp;The earlier the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, the greater the chance of successful treatment, and several techniques have been developed to assist in the diagnosis, such&nbsp;as:</h4><ul><li>Fine needle aspiration: It is used to take a biopsy of the thyroid and check for cancer cells.</li><li>Imaging of the thyroid gland: Radioactive iodine is used in the imaging process.</li><li>CT or MRI: It is used to detect the spread of cancer in neighboring areas.</li><li>Thyroid function tests: To measure the level of thyroid hormone.</li><li>Echocardiogram of the thyroid gland: It is used to investigate the presence of any nodules or metastases of cancer. &nbsp; &nbsp;</li></ul>There are no specific instructions for the prevention of thyroid cancer, but it is necessary to adhere to general preventive measures such as staying away from nuclear radiation as much as possible and following a healthy lifestyle. Reviewing with a doctor when there is suspicion of any change in the body remains the first line in managing any disease.&nbsp;<h3>Sources &nbsp; :</h3>https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstoneshttps://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones

Thyroid cancer is a malignant growth that occurs in the cells of the thyroid gland. It has several types that differ according to their prevalence, response to treatment, and the cells they affect. 

Thyroid cancer, symptoms, types and methods of diagnosis

&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:right;">Gallstones: causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;Gallstones are a common disease that affects adults, and they form from the accumulation of bile and other materials inside the gallbladder, causing severe pain in the abdomen, back, and shoulders. Gallstones are a preventable disease and can be treated in many ways, including surgery, medication, and lifestyle changes. In this article, we will discuss in more detail the causes and symptoms of gallstones, how to treat them, and some important tips for preventing this condition.<h2>What are gallstones?</h2>&nbsp;The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located in the upper right part of the abdomen, directly below the liver, where the body stores bile. Bile contains cholesterol, bilirubin, bile salts, and lecithin. Gallstones form when the stored bile in the gallbladder hardens. If these stones are present in the gallbladder itself, they are called cholelithiasis, while if they are present in the bile ducts, they are called choledocholithiasis.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;These stones vary in size from small as a grain of sand to large and gradually growing. Gallstones are common in developed countries.<h2>What are the causes of gallstones?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The main cause of gallstones is an imbalance in the chemical composition of bile inside the gallbladder. Some possible causes include:<ul><li>Increased cholesterol levels in bile: 75% of gallstones are made of excess cholesterol.</li><li>Too much bilirubin in bile: Pigment gallstones tend to occur in people with liver cirrhosis and inherited blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia.</li><li>Concentrated bile due to a full gallbladder.</li></ul><h2>What are the symptoms of gallstones?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Initially, when gallstones are small, they do not cause any symptoms, but as they grow larger, symptoms begin to appear. Gallstone attacks often occur at night and after eating a high-fat meal. The most common symptoms of gallstones include:<ul><li>Abdominal pain in the upper right quarter of the abdomen</li><li>Nausea</li><li>Fever</li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Itching of the skin</li><li>Yellowing of the skin and eyes</li><li>Indigestion</li><li>Dark-colored pee</li><li>Increased heart rate.</li></ul><h2>What is the treatment for gallstones?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;If gallstones do not cause any symptoms, treatment is usually not necessary. However, if symptoms appear and the pain persists, treatment is needed. Treatment options include:Cholecystectomy surgery: where the gallbladder is removed in two ways: laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;After the gallbladder is removed, bile is redirected from the liver to the small intestine. Side effects of this procedure include diarrhea due to less concentrated bile.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In some cases, surgery may not be possible for various reasons such as the patient being older, so non-surgical treatments are used, including:<ul><li>Oral dissolution therapy.&nbsp;</li><li>Extracorporeal Shockwave lithotripsy.</li></ul><h2>Can gallstones be prevented?</h2>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The risk of cholesterol gallstones can be reduced by reducing cholesterol in the diet. Prevention measures for include:<ul><li>Replacing red meat with fish</li><li>Gradual weight loss</li><li>Reducing fried and fast foods.</li></ul>In conclusion, gallstones are a common condition that can be prevented and treated in many ways. If any symptoms such as severe abdominal, back, and shoulder pain occur, it is important to contact a doctor immediately for diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Prevention is better than cure, so it is important to maintain the health of the gallbladder and the digestive system in general.&nbsp;Sources&nbsp; &nbsp;:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones">https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones">https://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones</a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Gallstones are a common disease that affects adults, and they form from the accumulation of bile and other materials inside the gallbladder, causing severe pain in the abdomen, back, and shoulders. 

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Breast cancer, causes and risk factors

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Thyroid cancer, symptoms, types and methods of diagnosis

Thyroid cancer is a malignant growth that occurs in the cells of the thyroid gland. It has several types that differ according to their prevalence, response to treatment, and the cells they affect.

Gallstones: causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment

Gallstones are a common disease that affects adults, and they form from the accumulation of bile and other materials inside the gallbladder, causing severe pain in the abdomen, back, and shoulders.

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Medical Articles

Breast cancer, causes and risk factors

ask your question freelyAnd get an accurate scientific answer

articles may you like

Thyroid cancer, symptoms, types and methods of diagnosis

Thyroid cancer is a malignant growth that occurs in the cells of the thyroid gland. It has several types that differ according to their prevalence, response to treatment, and the cells they affect.

Gallstones: causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment

Gallstones are a common disease that affects adults, and they form from the accumulation of bile and other materials inside the gallbladder, causing severe pain in the abdomen, back, and shoulders.

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And get an accurate scientific answer